Some species in the Castilleja genus are able to hybridize, especially when ploidy levels match, and hybrids may produce viable seed. Seeds of putative Castilleja levisecta × Castilleja hispida hybrid These sequestered compounds then confer chemical protection against predators to larvae. Additionally, the foliage of some Castilleja species naturally contains defensive compounds that are sequestered in the tissues of larvae of specialist insect species that have developed a tolerance for these compounds and are able to consume the foliage. For example, Castilleja hemiparasitic reliance on other plant species may affect competition and dominance among other plant species in its community. Ĭastilleja species can play an important role in plant community dynamics and multitrophic interactions. Pollinators aid these plants in reproduction, with insects visiting the flowers, as well as hummingbirds for some species. exserta), and checkerspot butterflies, such as Euphydryas species. exserta) and Schinia pulchripennis (which feeds exclusively on C. Ecology Ĭastilleja species are eaten by the larvae of some lepidopteran species, including Schinia cupes (which has been recorded on C. The generic name honors Spanish botanist Domingo Castillejo. They are hemiparasitic on the roots of grasses and forbs. These plants are classified in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae (following major rearrangements of the order Lamiales starting around 2001 sources which do not follow these reclassifications may place them in the Scrophulariaceae). For other uses, see Prairie Fire (disambiguation).Ĭastilleja, commonly known as paintbrush, Indian paintbrush, or prairie-fire, is a genus of about 200 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants native to the west of the Americas from Alaska south to the Andes, northern Asia, and one species as far west as the Kola Peninsula in northwestern Russia. SEINet for synonyms, scientific names, recorded geographic locations and general informationĬopyright © 2011-2022, Southwest Desert Flora, All Rights ReservedĪll photographs appearing on this site are the property of Southwest Desert Flora."Prairie-fire" redirects here. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center at The University of Texas, Austin, TX.ġ993, The Jepson Manual, Citation: (accessed ) Native Plant Information Network, NPIN (2013). of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service on-line database and USGS ITIS search - (accessed )Īrizona Flora, Kearney, Thomas H., Peebles, Robert H., 1960, University of California Press, Berkley and Los Angeles, California, as Orthocarpus purpurascens. In Southwestern Desert Flora also see Wholeleaf Indian Paintbrush, Castilleja integra.ĭate Profile Completed:, updated, updated format With good winter rainfall this species is an amazing bloomer and may carpet an area for hundreds of feet or more. venusta, Exserted Indian Paintbrush (CA).Ĭomments: Exserted Indian Paintbrush was formerly included in the genus Orthocarpus. latifolia, Wideleaf Indian Paintbrush, (CA) Ĭastilleja exserta subsp. exserta, Exserted Indian Paintbrush, (AZ, CA, NM) Ĭastilleja exserta subsp. in Castilleja exserta Ĭastilleja exserta subsp. All data is approximate and subject to taxonomic changes. In the Southwestern United States, Arizona there are 16 species of Castilleja, in California there are 36 species, Nevada has 20 species, New Mexico has 21 species, Texas has 09 species, Utah has 15 species. World wide, The Plant List includes 204 accepted species names and includes a further 238 infraspecific rank for the genus. Genus Information: In North America there are 109 species and 166 accepted taxa overall for Castilleja. Threatened/Endangered Information: No information available. Wetland Indicator: No information available. Invasive/Noxious Weed Information: No information available. Weed Information: No information available. North America & US County Distribution Map for Castilleja exserta. Sub-species " latifolia" and " venusta" are rare in the United States where they are found only in California. In Arizona it is found in the central, southern and northwest parts of the state. This species is also native to Baja California. Recorded Range: Exserted Indian Paintbrush is found in the southwestern United States in AZ, CA, NM. Habitat Preferences: Open mesas, fields, grassland and slopes. Leaves: Green lobes, very narrowly lanceolate.įlower Color: Rose with yellow and white, purple, purplish-red flowers in clusters with 5 to 9 linear lobes Growth Form: Forb/herb glandular hair erect. latifolius, Orthocarpus purpurascens var. Synonyms: ( Orthocarpus purpurascens, Orthocarpus purpurascens var. Castilleja exserta, Exserted Indian PaintbrushĪlso Called: Indian Paintbrush, Purple Owl Clover (Spanish: Escobita)įamily: Scrophulariaceae, Figwort or Snapdragon Family - Moving to Orobanchaceae
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